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Investment Analysis of Gari Processing Machineries in Ondo State, Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2017
Pages:
32-38
Received:
1 May 2017
Accepted:
12 May 2017
Published:
10 July 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjfst.20170102.11
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Abstract: The study examined the investment analysis of gari processing machineries in Ondo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample of 45 respondents. Data was collected from primary sources through the use of well-structured questionnaires. Tools utilized included descriptive statistics and budgetary analysis. In addition, tools of investment analysis (NPV, BCR and IRR) were used to appraise investment in a model mechanized gari processing plant. The study revealed that there are gari processors who procure cassava tubers and use processing facilities owned by other entrepreneurs to process their cassava into gari. They hence incur no fixed cost. It also revealed that there are entrepreneurs, though fewer in number, who invest in gari processing machines and set up processing centres. They charge tolls (rates) for the use of their machines by other processors. The operations of both the processors and owners of the processing centres were found to be profitable. The empirical results of budgetary analysis revealed that the gross margin to gari processors was ₦148,029 per annum. The ratio of the gross margin to the average variable cost was 1:0.16. It also revealed that the estimated net revenue of owners of gari processing machineries was ₦1,286,400 per annum which represent 125.7% of the total cost of production. The implication is that for every one nairainvested, the processor gained 125.7 kobo. The investment analysis for a model mechanized gari processing centre was also found to be profitable with an NPV of ₦6,248,430, BCR of 1.1 and IRR of 46%. The result of the study showed that gari processing enterprises are profitable and investment in mechanized gari processing could be profitable if there is adequate supply of cassava tubers. It was therefore recommended that Credit facilities should be channeled to processors through the current micro-credit scheme of the Government to enable producers strengthen their enterprises by acquiring processing inputs which they claim are currently beyond their reach.
Abstract: The study examined the investment analysis of gari processing machineries in Ondo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample of 45 respondents. Data was collected from primary sources through the use of well-structured questionnaires. Tools utilized included descriptive statistics and budgetary analysis. In addition,...
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Defragmenting Processing of Collagen-Containing Wastes of Meat Processing Industry into Functional Feed Additives for Obtaining High-Quality Food
Marina Ivanovna Baburina,
Natalia Leonidovna Vostrikova,
Andrew Vladimirovich Kulikovskii,
Angella Nikolaevna Zarubina,
Andrew Nikolaevich Ivankin
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2017
Pages:
39-46
Received:
3 May 2017
Accepted:
13 May 2017
Published:
10 July 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjfst.20170102.12
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Abstract: The authors developed a technology for obtaining feed additives from wastes of meat processing industry using physical, biochemical and biotechnological processing methods in comparison with the biotechnological method of obtaining a high-grade microbial protein for the production of high-quality food products based on meat raw materials.
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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Vitamin D Among Primary Health Care Physicians in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, 2015
Fahad Al-Amri,
Ashry Gad,
Dina Al-Habib,
Ahmed Khair Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2017
Pages:
47-55
Received:
26 April 2017
Accepted:
19 May 2017
Published:
11 July 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjfst.20170102.13
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Abstract: Vitamin D deficiency has been recognized as a worldwide epidemic, affecting even healthy population. The awareness and practices of primary health care physicians regarding vitamin D needs to be highlighted, as improving the knowledge of physicians will improve the knowledge of the public as a whole. This study aimed to address the knowledge, attitude and practice of primary health care physicians regarding vitamin D in Riyadh city, KSA. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire among primary care physicians; currently working in Riyadh city, KSA. Descriptive statistics: mean, standard deviation, frequencies, percentage were calculated. Of the 158 eligible participants, there were 43.7% male. The mean participant's age of was 40.7 ± 9.6 years. Of all the participants; 51.3% showed good knowledge regarding vitamin D, while 48.7% showed poor knowledge; 55.1% had positive attitude. Participants were asked about patient features that would alert them to vitamin D status. Fatigue was shown to alert more male than female physicians participants (75.4% vs. 58.4%, p = 0.026). Participants were asked about ways of managing vitamin D deficiency. Nutrition advice was mostly given by older physicians (p = 0.044) and non-Saudis (p = 0.003). In conclusion, this survey identified a gap in knowledge and practice among Primary Health Care physicians. The confusion could be partly attributed to different guidelines and sources of information. This study showed that continuous medical education and online sources were the most common sources of information about vitamin D among physicians.
Abstract: Vitamin D deficiency has been recognized as a worldwide epidemic, affecting even healthy population. The awareness and practices of primary health care physicians regarding vitamin D needs to be highlighted, as improving the knowledge of physicians will improve the knowledge of the public as a whole. This study aimed to address the knowledge, attit...
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An Experimental Study on Rheological Properties of Pestil Blends
Zehra Yildiz,
Ayse Sarımeseli
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2017
Pages:
56-59
Received:
2 May 2017
Accepted:
17 May 2017
Published:
13 July 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjfst.20170102.14
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Abstract: The rheological and sensory properties kind (apricot, grape and mulberry molasses) blends were studied pestil (rollband) syrup of apricot, mulberry and grape at 25, 40, 50 and 70°C, rheological properties kind of pestil syrup (untreatment and treatment with sulphurapricot molasses) blends were studied using sugar concentrations of 0%, 5% and 10%. The empirical power law model fitted the apparent viscosityrotational speed data. All blends exhibited pseudoplasticbehavior. The syrup content and temperature influenced the flow behavior and consistency index values. Temperature sensitivity of the consistency index was assessed by applying an Arrhenius-type equation. Ea values ranged from 326,65 to 175,86 J mol s-1 as syrup content varied from apricot, grape to mulberry, respectively. Arrhenius constant, k, however, correlated with mouthcoating.
Abstract: The rheological and sensory properties kind (apricot, grape and mulberry molasses) blends were studied pestil (rollband) syrup of apricot, mulberry and grape at 25, 40, 50 and 70°C, rheological properties kind of pestil syrup (untreatment and treatment with sulphurapricot molasses) blends were studied using sugar concentrations of 0%, 5% and 10%. T...
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Characterization of Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Energy of Consciousness Healing Treated Copper (II) Chloride Using PXRD, DSC, and TGA/DTG
Alice Branton,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2017
Pages:
60-68
Received:
20 May 2017
Accepted:
6 June 2017
Published:
14 July 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjfst.20170102.15
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Abstract: Copper (II) chloride is an inorganic compound used as a source of copper ions for the treatment of several diseases like cancer, inflammation, hematological and neurological disorders. This article was aimed to evaluate the effect of The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the physicochemical and thermal properties of copper (II) chloride using PXRD, DSC, and TGA/DTG analysis. Copper chloride was divided into two parts, one part of copper chloride was considered as control (no Biofield Treatment was provided), while second part received The Trivedi Effect® - Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton. The PXRD analysis showed that the relative intensities of the characteristic diffraction peak in Alice’s treated sample were significantly changed from -77.37% to 205.56% compared with the control sample. The crystallite size of the characteristic diffraction peak in the treated sample was altered from -14.29% to 40.01% compared with the control sample. The DSC analysis showed that the melting point of the treated copper chloride was significantly increased by 2.91% with a reduced latent heat of fusion (∆H) by 28.73% compared to the control sample. The melting temperature of the 2nd peak in the treated sample was significantly increased by 7.08% with a significant enhancement of ∆H by 77.37% compared with the control sample. The decomposition temperature of the treated sample was increased by 2.36% with a significant reduction of the enthalpy of decomposition by 18.46% compared with the control sample. The TGA analysis revealed the three steps of thermal degradation. The percentage weight loss in the treated sample was decreased by 0.47% and 9.63% in the 1st and 2nd steps of degradation, respectively, while the weight loss in the 3rd step was increased by 2.45% compared with the control sample. The total weight loss in the treated sample was increased by 1.32% compared with the control sample. The DTG analysis showed that the maximum thermal degradation temperature (Tmax) in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd peaks of the Biofield Treated sample were increased by 1.20%, 2.00%, and 4.61% compared with the control sample. Briefly, The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might produce a polymorphic form of copper (II) chloride that could be more stable during manufacturing, delivery or storage conditions than the untreated sample. The Biofield Energy Treated copper chloride would provide better therapeutic response against cancer, inflammation, wound healing, etc.
Abstract: Copper (II) chloride is an inorganic compound used as a source of copper ions for the treatment of several diseases like cancer, inflammation, hematological and neurological disorders. This article was aimed to evaluate the effect of The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the physicochemical and thermal properties of cop...
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Soil Quality Indicators Effects on Alfalfa Productivity under Egyptian Soil Conditions
Abou El-Enin M. M.,
Wanas M. A.
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2017
Pages:
69-78
Received:
28 April 2017
Accepted:
27 May 2017
Published:
18 July 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjfst.20170102.16
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Abstract: This study was carried out in El-Sadat center, Menoufia governorate during 2013/2015 seasons, to study the relationship between physical and chemical soil quality indicators on alfalfa. Eight soil samples of six locations have been sampling to a depth of 30 cm. All samples collected for each region separately, and analyzed for fourteen physical indicators viz. CS, FS, S and clay, BD, real density, hydraulic conductivity, field capacity, wilting coefficient, slowly drainable porosity, quickly drainable porosity, mean Wight diameter, water holding porosity and total porosity; as well as, seven chemical indicators viz. pH, electric conductivity, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate, available potassium and total nitrogen. Results showed that, the soil planted (alfalfa crop) were more affected (significant correlation) on the production of four indicators namely: pH (0.68*) < TN (0.65*) < OM (0.52) < clay (0.50). Results also, clear that there is insignificant relationship among physical parameters and alfalfa equivalent yield. Results added that, insignificant linear relationship correlation was observed between alfalfa productivity and most of chemical parameters under study such as (EC, CaCO3, CEC, and Av. k) (r = -0.021, 0.490, -0.470, and 0.000) respectively, On the opposite, both of pH, OM and T.N indicators showing a significant positive linear relationship correlation (P < 0.05, r = 0.680, 0.520, 0.650) respectively.
Abstract: This study was carried out in El-Sadat center, Menoufia governorate during 2013/2015 seasons, to study the relationship between physical and chemical soil quality indicators on alfalfa. Eight soil samples of six locations have been sampling to a depth of 30 cm. All samples collected for each region separately, and analyzed for fourteen physical ind...
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A New Chinese Chestnut Cultivar "huaqiao 2" Characteristics, Orchard Environment Effect and Industry Standard System
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2017
Pages:
79-83
Received:
30 April 2017
Accepted:
26 May 2017
Published:
18 July 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjfst.20170102.17
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Abstract: "huaqiao 2" is a new chestnut (Castanea mollissima) cultivar developed from seeding tree by Xiangtan Research Institute of Forestry Sciences. Xiangtan Research Institute of Forestry Sciences has built some successful "huaqiao 2" chestnut orchards and professional cooperatives, chestnut orchard can effectively improve environmental quality and provide fruit, professional cooperatives use standardized production.
Abstract: "huaqiao 2" is a new chestnut (Castanea mollissima) cultivar developed from seeding tree by Xiangtan Research Institute of Forestry Sciences. Xiangtan Research Institute of Forestry Sciences has built some successful "huaqiao 2" chestnut orchards and professional cooperatives, chestnut orchard can effectively improve environmental quality and provi...
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Physical and Chemical Quality Appraisal of Locally Made Yoghurt Marketed in Some Regions of Cameroon
Lamye Glory Moh,
Suffo Kamela Arnaud Landry,
Pamo Tedonkeng Etienne,
Kuiate Jules-Roger
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2017
Pages:
84-92
Received:
4 May 2017
Accepted:
18 July 2017
Published:
11 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjfst.20170102.18
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Abstract: This work sought to evaluate the physical and chemical qualities of locally made yoghurts sold in three areas of Cameroon: Bamenda; Bafoussam and Dschang. Yoghurt samples were collected from 6, 4 and 3 producers respectively in these regions, with 3 different commercial brands. All yoghurt samples were analyzed for chemical properties (total solids (%), crude proteins (%DM), crude ash (%DM), crude fat (%DM), SNF (%DM), lactose (%DM), titratable acidity (%) and pH) and mineral composition (Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Sulphur and Manganese). The result of the study showed that the physico-chemical properties and mineral compositions of the locally made yoghurts were different within and among the regions. Based on the physico-chemical composition, samples from Bamenda had the highest DM, ash, crude lipid, crude proteins and titratable acidity, making them to be the best among the locally made yoghurts, better than the branded types. This was followed by samples from Bafoussam, with those from Dschang being the least in most cases. Concerning the mineral contents, samples from Bamenda were high in phosphorus, zinc, iron, and magnesium, while those from Dschang were high in sodium, potassium and calcium. Generally, the mineral contents in all the places were significantly lower than those of the commercial brands. For the commercial brands, CC was high in Phosphorus, zinc, and magnesium, BB was high in iron and calcium while AA was high in potassium. Thus, total mineral content showed wide intervals of variation, with the branded yoghurts (commercial brands) better than the locally made varieties. However, samples from Bamenda and Dschang were better in terms of minerals than those from Bafoussam. These results show that, there is either no fixed standard of yoghurt production in Cameroon or it is not respected since a variation was equally observed among the branded samples.
Abstract: This work sought to evaluate the physical and chemical qualities of locally made yoghurts sold in three areas of Cameroon: Bamenda; Bafoussam and Dschang. Yoghurt samples were collected from 6, 4 and 3 producers respectively in these regions, with 3 different commercial brands. All yoghurt samples were analyzed for chemical properties (total solids...
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